Hi-Lo System

In blackjack, the Hi-Lo System is one of the most widely used card counting systems. This method assigns a value to each card dealt and helps players track the ratio of high to low cards remaining in the deck.

The Hi-Lo system is a popular tool for blackjack players aiming to gain an advantage over the house, whether playing online or in a casino.

What is the Hi-Lo System in Blackjack?

The Hi-Lo System is a popular and relatively simple card counting blackjack strategy used by players to track the ratio of high cards (10s, face cards, and aces) to low cards (2–6) remaining in the deck. The system works by assigning a value to each card as it is dealt:

Cards 2–6 are assigned a value of +1.
Cards 7–9 are considered neutral and are assigned a value of 0.
Cards 10, face cards (Jack, Queen, King), and Aces are assigned a value of -1.

As the cards are dealt, players keep a "running count" based on these values. When the count is positive, it suggests that more low cards have been dealt, leaving a deck rich in high cards. This is favorable for the player, as high cards increase the likelihood of getting a blackjack or making strong hands. Conversely, a negative count indicates a deck rich in low cards, which benefits the dealer.

Key Details of the Hi-Lo System in Blackjack

The Hi-Lo System is known for being both effective and relatively easy to learn, making it a great choice for beginner and intermediate card counters.

Card Values: - +1 for cards 2–6 - 0 for cards 7–9 - -1 for cards 10, Jack, Queen, King, and Ace
Running Count: Keep a running total of the card values as they are dealt. A positive running count favors the player, while a negative count favors the dealer.
True Count: Convert the running count to a "true count" by dividing it by the number of decks remaining in the shoe.
Betting Strategy: Increase your bet size when the true count is high (indicating a deck rich in high cards) and decrease it when the true count is low.
Skill Level: The Hi-Lo system is considered beginner-friendly compared to more complex counting systems.

How Does the Hi-Lo System Work in Blackjack?

The Hi-Lo system works by tracking the distribution of high and low cards as they are dealt. When more low cards (2–6) are dealt, the deck becomes more favorable to the player, as there are fewer low cards remaining and more high cards. When the count is positive, the player has an increased chance of getting a blackjack or making strong hands.

In contrast, when high cards (10s, face cards, and aces) are dealt, the running count becomes negative, which benefits the dealer. The system gives the player an indication of when to bet more aggressively (when the true count is high) and when to bet more conservatively (when the true count is low).

To calculate the true count, divide the running count by the number of decks remaining. The true count gives a more accurate picture of the deck's composition.

Start with a running count of 0.
As cards are dealt, add 1 for each 2–6, subtract 1 for each 10–Ace, and add 0 for each 7–9.
At the end of the round, divide the running count by the number of decks remaining to get the true count.
Use the true count to adjust your betting: a higher true count means more high cards are left, so increase your bet.
Lower your bet when the true count is negative, as the deck is favorable to the dealer.

Examples of the Hi-Lo System in Action

Example Scenario 1 – Positive Running Count:
You are playing a blackjack game and are keeping the running count using the Hi-Lo system. As the cards are dealt, the running count increases by +1 every time a 2–6 is dealt, and it decreases by -1 every time a 10, Jack, Queen, King, or Ace appears. After several rounds, the running count reaches +6.

At this point, there are only 2 decks left in the shoe. To calculate the true count: 6 ÷ 2 = 3. The true count is +3, indicating a deck rich in high cards. This is a favorable situation for the player, so you decide to increase your bet.

Example Scenario 2 – Negative Running Count:
In the same game, after several more rounds, the running count drops to -2. There are still 3 decks remaining in the shoe. To calculate the true count: -2 ÷ 3 = -0.67. The true count is negative, indicating that the deck is rich in low cards, which benefits the dealer. You decide to reduce your bet.

Tips for Using the Hi-Lo System in Blackjack

Practice your counting: Accuracy is key, so practice counting cards before using the Hi-Lo system in a real game.
Keep a low profile: Card counting is not illegal, but casinos can ask you to leave if they suspect you are counting cards. Try to avoid drawing attention to your actions.
Adjust your bets appropriately: Use the true count to adjust your bet sizes — bet larger when the count is favorable and smaller when it’s not.
Don’t overestimate the system: While the Hi-Lo system gives you an edge, it’s not a guarantee of winning. Always use proper bankroll management.
Learn basic strategy: The Hi-Lo system works best when combined with perfect basic strategy, so make sure to know when to hit, stand, double down, and split.

Looking for more casino guides and content?

FAQs about the Hi-Lo System in Blackjack

Is the Hi-Lo system difficult to learn?

No, the Hi-Lo system is one of the easiest card counting methods to learn, making it ideal for beginners. It only requires basic math and focus.

How accurate is the Hi-Lo system?

The Hi-Lo system is fairly accurate, but it’s not foolproof. It gives players a statistical edge, but success also depends on practice and using it alongside basic strategy.

Can casinos detect players using the Hi-Lo system?

Casinos can detect card counters through behavior, but the Hi-Lo system is relatively simple and discreet. Practice blending in and minimizing attention.

Should I use the Hi-Lo system in all blackjack games?

It’s best used in games with favorable rules (such as fewer decks or liberal payout rules). Always consider the casino’s rules and environment before applying any card counting method.

Can I use the Hi-Lo system in online blackjack?

Card counting is harder to implement in online blackjack, especially if the game uses continuous shuffling machines (CSMs) or has virtual dealers.